Excelsior Diamond

The Excelsior Diamond was found on June 30, 1893 at the Jagersfontein Mine by a worker while loading a truck. The man was able to hide the diamond from the supervisors but delivered it to the manager of the mine himself. Until 1905, when the larger Cullinan diamond was found, the Excelsior was the largest known diamond in the world. It had a blue-white tint and weighed 971¾ carats (194.2 g). It was ultimately cut into ten stones weighing from 13 to 68 carats. (2.6 to 13.6 g). Immediately after its discovery the news spread around the world.
The Excelsior I, the largest gem cut from the crystal, was eventually bought by jeweler Robert Mouawad.

Earth Star Diamond

The Earth Star Diamond is a brown stone diamond that was found at the De Beers, Jagersfontein Mine in South Africa on May 16th, 1967. The rough gem weight was 248.9 carats (49.8 g). The diamond came from the 2,500-foot (760 m) level of the volcanic diamond-bearing pipe. The cut stone is a 111.59 carats (22.32 g), pear-shaped diamond with a strong brown color and extraordinary brilliance, Argyle color grading scale is reported as equivalent to fancy cognac and C7 color grade. It was exhi­bited along with many other notable Diamonds in the "De Beers Hall" of the mining museum in 1971.

Dresden Green Diamond

The Dresden Green diamond is a 41 carats (8.2 g) natural green diamond that has a historical record dating to 1722, when a London news-sheet carried an article about it in its 25 October-27th edition.[1]
It is named after the capital of Saxony, Germany where it has been on display for most of the last two centuries. It did make some sojourns following World War II, to the Soviet Union until 1958, and to the Smithsonian in Washington DC, USA in 2000, where it was displayed in the same room as the Hope diamond.
The stone's unique green color is due to natural exposure to radioactive materials (see Diamond enhancement#Irradiation). The stone is being used to compare natural versus lab-produced green diamonds — it is hoped that it can be used to devise a test to differentiate between naturally green diamonds, which are quite rare, and lab-produced ones.[2]

Deepdene

The Deepdene is a 104.52 carats (20.90 g) yellow diamond widely considered to be the largest irradiated diamond in the world.
The Deepdene gets its name from the Pennsylvania estate of Mrs. Bok, wife of Cary W. Bok, both the diamond's original owners. At the time, the Deepdene weighed slightly more at 104.88 carats (20.98 g) and was mounted in a diamond clip.

Darya-ye Noor

The Darya-ye Noor "Sea of Light", "River of Light" or "Ocean of Light"; also spelled Darya-i-Noor, Darya-e Noor and Darya-i-Nur is one of the largest diamonds in the world, weighing an estimated 182 carats (36 g). Its colour, pale pink, is one of the rarest to be found in diamonds. The Darya-ye Noor presently forms part of the Iranian Crown Jewels and is on display at the Central Bank of Iran in Tehran.[1]

Chloe Diamond

The Chloe Diamond, largest round brilliant-cut diamond ever put on auction. Sold on November 14th, 2007 at Sotheby's in Geneva to Georges Marciano of the Guess clothing line for $16.2 million, the second-highest price ever paid for a diamond on auction. Took 2 years to cut.

Briolette of India

The Briolette of India is a colorless diamond (weighing 90.38 carats (18.08 g)) found in India. It is cut in a briolette shape, and is a D-coloured (colourless) type IIa diamond.[1] The recorded history of the diamond dates from the 12th century, when it was first acquired by Eleanor of Aquitaine, the Queen consort of King Louis VII of France between 1137 and 1152. This makes the Briolette of India the oldest diamond on record in the world, even older than the famous Koh-i-Noor.[1][2] The diamond was in the possession of several famous historical figures such as King Richard the Lion Heart, who carried it with him to the third crusade, and King Henry II of France who presented it to his mistress Diane de Poitiers.[3] The diamond has disappeared from records for long periods, sometimes even for several centuries, before resurfacing again.